CRB CLINIC DIGITAL DENTISTRY
Periodontitis
Diagnosis and treatment
License of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine AD No. 063321 dated 06.09.12.
CRB CLINIC
DIGITAL DENTISTRY
DIGITAL DENTISTRY
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the periodontal tissues.
It definitely requires treatment. In advanced form it leads to tooth loss.
Symptoms we can help
you with:
you with:
Periodontitis affects all periodontal tissues: gums, blood vessels, periodontal ligament, bone. Therefore, the symptoms are varied and are eliminated in a comprehensive manner during treatment.
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Bleeding gums - Purulent discharge
- Bad breath
- Swelling, redness, change in gum contour
- Teeth mobility (wobbliness)
- Reduction of gum height, exposure of tooth necks
Consultations by phone:
044 580 40 04
044 580 40 04
CRB CLINIC
DIGITAL DENTISTRY
DIGITAL DENTISTRY
The main cause of periodontitis
The main cause of periodontitis:
Bacteria in the gum pockets
With periodontitis, due to infection, the gum tissue and periodontal ligament peel off from the tooth, forming periodontal pockets. Plaque gets into them, is compressed and turns into tartar. This tartar under the gums is an ideal environment for the reproduction of bacteria. It is impossible to clean the tartar and infection at home, since the tartar is attached to the surface of the root, growing into its pores. Even standard professional hygiene at the dentist affects only 1-2 mm of the subgingival space, while the pocket depth can reach 6 mm.
As a result, pathological growth of the bacterial colony occurs. Even if initially only one tooth was infected, the infection spreads to all teeth and gums.
Bacteria cause inflammation and intoxication of tissues, the gums become inflamed, swell, and the vessels become fragile. Because of this, with periodontitis, the gums are often painful and bleed even with light pressure.
As a result, pathological growth of the bacterial colony occurs. Even if initially only one tooth was infected, the infection spreads to all teeth and gums.
Bacteria cause inflammation and intoxication of tissues, the gums become inflamed, swell, and the vessels become fragile. Because of this, with periodontitis, the gums are often painful and bleed even with light pressure.
The main cause of periodontitis:
At stages 2-3 of the disease, the periodontal ligament that holds the tooth in the bone is affected. Teeth may become loose and eventually fall out. The bone tissue itself suffers. Due to the inflammatory process, its density deteriorates, and then its volume decreases. Due to bone loss, the gum tissue located on top of it also settles. Recession can be observed - a decrease in the height of the gum and exposure of the necks of the teeth. Since the necks of the teeth are not protected by enamel, sensitivity to cold/hot increases when brushing teeth.
Please note! The destruction of bone tissue and ligamentous apparatus in periodontitis is irreversible, so treatment should be started as early as possible. Already at the first symptoms, bleeding gums and bad breath, you should consult a doctor for timely diagnosis.
Stages of gum disease development
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Healthy gums
Normally, the bone peaks come close to the crown of the tooth. The gums fit tightly to the tooth, without deep periodontal pockets, protecting the root from the penetration of bacteria and mechanical damage. -
Gingivitis
Initial stage of gum inflammation, occurs due to accumulation of plaque/tartar in the cervical area. There is no pathological deepening of pockets yet.
Symptoms: bleeding gums when brushing, swelling, redness, sometimes an unpleasant odor. -
Periodontitis, stage 1
Inflammation from the cervical area spreads deeper and begins to destroy the tissues that hold the tooth (periodontal tissues - gums, ligaments, bone). The gingival margin separates from the tooth, periodontal pockets appear more than 3 mm deep. The bone level begins to decrease.
Symptoms: bleeding gums, unpleasant odor, slight tooth mobility (can only be detected by a doctor), discomfort and slight pain when chewing are possible. - Periodontitis, stage 2A more severe form of periodontal disease, in which inflammation and tissue destruction have progressed further than in stage 1. Periodontal pockets are deeper, approximately 4-5 mm. Bone loss can be about 30%. Periodontal fibers are significantly damaged.
Symptoms: inflammation and swelling of the gums, sore gums, bleeding even with slight pressure, increased bad breath, tooth mobility upon palpation, increased tooth sensitivity due to exposed necks. - Periodontitis, stages 3-4A severe advanced form of the disease, in which the main structures that hold the tooth are destroyed. Periodontal pockets are deep, more than 6 mm. Bone loss reaches 50% or more. Periodontal fibers are almost or completely destroyed. Gums are severely inflamed, there is recession (root exposure).
Symptoms: constant bleeding, strong unpleasant odor, pain when chewing, tooth mobility, sometimes a feeling of movement, gum abscesses are possible.
Stages of gum disease development
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-
Healthy gums
Normally, the bone peaks come close to the crown of the tooth. The gums fit tightly to the tooth, without deep periodontal pockets, protecting the root from the penetration of bacteria and mechanical damage. -
Gingivitis
Initial stage of gum inflammation, occurs due to accumulation of plaque/tartar in the cervical area. There is no pathological deepening of pockets yet.
Symptoms: bleeding gums when brushing, swelling, redness, sometimes an unpleasant odor. -
Periodontitis, stage 1
Inflammation from the cervical area spreads deeper and begins to destroy the tissues that hold the tooth (periodontal tissues - gums, ligaments, bone). The gingival margin separates from the tooth, periodontal pockets appear more than 3 mm deep. The bone level begins to decrease.
Symptoms: bleeding gums, unpleasant odor, slight tooth mobility (can only be detected by a doctor), discomfort and slight pain when chewing are possible. - Periodontitis, stage 2A more severe form of periodontal disease, in which inflammation and tissue destruction have progressed further than in stage 1. Periodontal pockets are deeper, approximately 4-5 mm. Bone loss can be about 30%. Periodontal fibers are significantly damaged.
Symptoms: inflammation and swelling of the gums, sore gums, bleeding even with slight pressure, increased bad breath, tooth mobility upon palpation, increased tooth sensitivity due to exposed necks. - Periodontitis, stages 3-4A severe advanced form of the disease, in which the main structures that hold the tooth are destroyed. Periodontal pockets are deep, more than 6 mm. Bone loss reaches 50% or more. Periodontal fibers are almost or completely destroyed. Gums are severely inflamed, there is recession (root exposure).
Symptoms: constant bleeding, strong unpleasant odor, pain when chewing, tooth mobility, sometimes a feeling of movement, gum abscesses are possible.
Consultations by phone:
044 580 40 04
044 580 40 04
Symptoms of periodontitis
- Soreness of gums, redness, swelling
- It occurs due to the inflammatory process and tissue intoxication with bacterial waste products.
- Bleeding gums
- It appears due to thinning of the gum epithelium and destruction of collagen fibers responsible for the strength of blood vessels. As a result, capillaries become fragile.
- Bad breath
- Bad breath is caused by bacteria that multiply in the tartar under the gums. The larger the colony of bacteria, the stronger the smell.
- Deepening of gingival pockets
- Because of the tartar and the infectious environment around it, the gum tissue peels away from the tooth. A gap is created - a pocket, which increases as tartar accumulates in it.
- Tooth mobility
- When the fibers of the periodontal ligament are damaged, it can no longer hold the tooth in the bone. This can cause teeth to become loose and later fall out.
- Purulent discharge
- The body tries to fight the infection in the periodontal pockets. As a result of this process, pus is formed. It can flow out from under the gum or through a fistula on the gum.
- Bone loss
- Due to infection, bone tissue resorption occurs. Its density decreases, and then the width and height of the alveolar process decreases.
- Gum recession
- The decrease in the height of the gum is a consequence of the decrease in the level of bone tissue. The gums covering the bone tissue descend after it.
Periodontitis increases the risk of cardiovascular disease by 20-30%
Through damaged gums, bacteria from periodontal pockets enter the bloodstream and spread throughout the body.
They can infect various internal organs, but most often bacteria negatively affect the functioning of the heart and blood vessels.
It has been established that they can settle on the vascular wall, which contributes to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques.
Bacteria also negatively affect the functions of the vascular endothelium, increasing the tendency to hypertension.
Bacteria can enter the heart tissue, affect the electrical activity of the myocardium, leading to arrhythmia.
Chronic inflammation makes the blood more prone to clotting, which increases the risk of blood clots, heart attacks, and strokes.
They can infect various internal organs, but most often bacteria negatively affect the functioning of the heart and blood vessels.
It has been established that they can settle on the vascular wall, which contributes to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques.
Bacteria also negatively affect the functions of the vascular endothelium, increasing the tendency to hypertension.
Bacteria can enter the heart tissue, affect the electrical activity of the myocardium, leading to arrhythmia.
Chronic inflammation makes the blood more prone to clotting, which increases the risk of blood clots, heart attacks, and strokes.
CRB clinic
Treatment of periodontitis
Treatment of periodontitis should be started at the first symptoms (bleeding gums and bad breath) to prevent loosening and loss of teeth.
Diagnosis of periodontitis
The purpose of diagnosis is to identify the extent of damage, determine the foci of inflammation, and also find out the causes of the disease.
During diagnostics, we evaluate the condition of the periodontal tissues, gums and oral cavity as a whole. Analysis of CT images gives an idea of the condition of the bone, as well as the presence of hidden internal inflammatory processes.
Diagnostics consists of 7 stages
and takes 1 hour
A treatment plan is developed based on the information received.
Attention! Diagnostics are carried out by a periodontist with specialized specialization
During diagnostics, we evaluate the condition of the periodontal tissues, gums and oral cavity as a whole. Analysis of CT images gives an idea of the condition of the bone, as well as the presence of hidden internal inflammatory processes.
Diagnostics consists of 7 stages
and takes 1 hour
A treatment plan is developed based on the information received.
Attention! Diagnostics are carried out by a periodontist with specialized specialization
- Assessment of the oral cavity condition - the presence of inflammation, microtraumas, ulcers, plaque on the tongue. Also, attention is paid to visible foci of infection: affected teeth, fillings.
- Assessment of the gum condition - redness, inflammation, swelling, the presence of microtraumas are detected. The height of the gums is assessed (for signs of recession), the condition of the papillae. The degree of bleeding, the presence of pus are determined.
- Assessment of the presence of plaque - the presence of microbial plaque, its quantity, areas of accumulation are assessed.
- Photo protocol - the condition of the gums at the time of diagnosis is recorded. Photos are stored in the patient's card. After treatment, you can evaluate the "before and after" result.
- Assessment of tooth mobility - loose teeth and the degree of their mobility are determined.
- Periodontal screening - using a special probe (rounded, not sharp), the depth of the gingival pockets is measured. Along the perimeter of each tooth, the pockets are measured at 4 points: the front surface, the back, the sides.
- CT scan analysis - the quantity and quality of bone tissue is examined, areas of bone loss are determined. CT also reveals hidden inflammatory processes occurring deep in the tissues.
CRB clinic
Treatment of periodontitis
Treatment consists of eliminating the infectious environment, relieving the inflammatory process and ensuring maximum possible tissue regeneration. The complexity and duration of treatment vary at different stages of the disease.
Scaling is a procedure for cleaning periodontal pockets from tartar and plaque. It is performed manually using special instruments - curettes. Due to the manual technique, the doctor feels every unevenness on the root surface and can remove all particles of tartar, including those that have grown into the pores of the tooth root.
After cleaning, the roots of the teeth are polished so that it is more difficult for plaque to stick to the smooth surface in the future.
Primary scaling is a rather complicated procedure, since the doctor removes dental deposits that have accumulated over the years.
Additionally, medicinal treatment is carried out in several stages (baths, gels, rinsing). Antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and healing drugs are used.
After cleaning, the roots of the teeth are polished so that it is more difficult for plaque to stick to the smooth surface in the future.
Primary scaling is a rather complicated procedure, since the doctor removes dental deposits that have accumulated over the years.
Additionally, medicinal treatment is carried out in several stages (baths, gels, rinsing). Antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and healing drugs are used.
After the main cleaning, there is no longer an infectious environment in the gum pockets. Inflammation and swelling subside, the gums begin to heal. Thanks to this, the doctor can better see the remaining foci of inflammation.
After 3 days, a control examination is carried out and, if necessary, local removal of the remaining deposits. Repeated medical treatment is also carried out. Control and repeated cleaning are included in the price.
At this stage, additional procedures are carried out:
After 3 days, a control examination is carried out and, if necessary, local removal of the remaining deposits. Repeated medical treatment is also carried out. Control and repeated cleaning are included in the price.
At this stage, additional procedures are carried out:
- PRP therapy - significantly accelerates healing and regeneration in tissues;
- Hyaluronic acid injections - have antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, increase local immunity, enhance cell regeneration.
SPT is a protocol for managing patients with periodontitis after the active phase of treatment. The protocol is aimed at maintaining gum health and preserving teeth in the long term.
Maintenance therapy consists of three stages:
Providing the patient with tools for cleaning teeth (toothbrush, toothpaste, mouthwash) and individual training in home hygiene. If necessary, we also provide medications to continue gum treatment.
Home hygiene - is carried out by the patient independently.
Periodic monitoring (once every 3-6 months) and preventive cleaning in the clinic. The main goal of periodic cleanings is to remove plaque before it turns into tartar and causes re-inflammation. Cleaning of teeth and the cervical area, cleaning (scaling) of periodontal pockets and drug treatment are carried out.
As a result of treatment, we achieve a significant improvement in the condition of the gums: elimination of inflammation, swelling, bleeding
Maintenance therapy consists of three stages:
Providing the patient with tools for cleaning teeth (toothbrush, toothpaste, mouthwash) and individual training in home hygiene. If necessary, we also provide medications to continue gum treatment.
Home hygiene - is carried out by the patient independently.
Periodic monitoring (once every 3-6 months) and preventive cleaning in the clinic. The main goal of periodic cleanings is to remove plaque before it turns into tartar and causes re-inflammation. Cleaning of teeth and the cervical area, cleaning (scaling) of periodontal pockets and drug treatment are carried out.
As a result of treatment, we achieve a significant improvement in the condition of the gums: elimination of inflammation, swelling, bleeding
Consultations by phone:
044 580 40 04
044 580 40 04
Treatment results
The photo shows the visible results of the treatment: no dental plaque, healthy pink gums, no signs of inflammation (swelling, redness), reduced gum recession.
Some cases were so severe that tooth extraction was recommended. However, if patients insist on preserving teeth, we do everything possible to achieve this. Even in such cases, a significant improvement in the condition of the gums and a reduction in recession are visible.
Some cases were so severe that tooth extraction was recommended. However, if patients insist on preserving teeth, we do everything possible to achieve this. Even in such cases, a significant improvement in the condition of the gums and a reduction in recession are visible.
Doctor periodontist
Patients often ask me questions about periodontitis.
I have collected your most popular questions and answered them below.
Koval Elena, periodontist CRB clinic
Koval Elena, periodontist CRB clinic
Periodontitis diagnostics are necessary, even if the diagnosis is obvious, to determine the stage of the disease and identify its causes and select the most effective treatment.
The doctor must understand how deep the inflammation has spread, how damaged the gums and bone tissue are.
It is necessary to find specific foci of inflammation, as well as identify systemic causes, such as diabetes, hormonal imbalances, poor hygiene, which can contribute to the development of the disease.
This allows not only to relieve symptoms, but also to affect the root of the problem, preventing relapses and serious health complications.
The doctor must understand how deep the inflammation has spread, how damaged the gums and bone tissue are.
It is necessary to find specific foci of inflammation, as well as identify systemic causes, such as diabetes, hormonal imbalances, poor hygiene, which can contribute to the development of the disease.
This allows not only to relieve symptoms, but also to affect the root of the problem, preventing relapses and serious health complications.
Although professional dental cleaning is very useful, it only covers cleaning the surface of the teeth and no more than 1-2 mm of the depth of the gum pockets. While the depth of the gum pockets can vary from 3 to 6 mm.
If you have deep periodontal pockets, plaque and tartar can accumulate in them, and an infectious environment can develop. And regular cleaning will not help. Also, some systemic diseases or treatment with braces can accelerate the formation of plaque. In this case, you need to go to the dentist for cleaning more often.
To determine the depth of the pockets and the cause of the disease, you need to undergo diagnostics.
If you have deep periodontal pockets, plaque and tartar can accumulate in them, and an infectious environment can develop. And regular cleaning will not help. Also, some systemic diseases or treatment with braces can accelerate the formation of plaque. In this case, you need to go to the dentist for cleaning more often.
To determine the depth of the pockets and the cause of the disease, you need to undergo diagnostics.
Vector therapy is a hardware method for removing tartar. The method is popular among dental clinics, as it is easier to perform compared to standard manual scaling.
But Vector therapy has a number of disadvantages:
tartar particles that have grown into the root pores are not removed by the device, but are only polished from above. After polishing, they are difficult to remove even by hand. Bacteria remain there and the infection quickly resumes;
the method has no proven long-term effectiveness;
cannot be used in deep pockets and with severe inflammation.
We do not use Vector therapy and choose manual scaling:
The doctor removes all particles of tartar using special instruments (curette). Only after this, the root surface is carefully polished. Manual technique allows the doctor to feel even minimal irregularities on the root surface. This procedure is more effective than vector therapy, and the result lasts longer.
But Vector therapy has a number of disadvantages:
tartar particles that have grown into the root pores are not removed by the device, but are only polished from above. After polishing, they are difficult to remove even by hand. Bacteria remain there and the infection quickly resumes;
the method has no proven long-term effectiveness;
cannot be used in deep pockets and with severe inflammation.
We do not use Vector therapy and choose manual scaling:
The doctor removes all particles of tartar using special instruments (curette). Only after this, the root surface is carefully polished. Manual technique allows the doctor to feel even minimal irregularities on the root surface. This procedure is more effective than vector therapy, and the result lasts longer.
To a periodontist, as this is a specialist of higher qualification.
A periodontist is a doctor with a higher education (Master's degree), specializing in periodontology. A periodontist has a deep understanding of anatomy, diseases and treatment protocols. Has the right to conduct diagnostics, prescribe and administer treatment, write prescriptions, perform surgical interventions (gum plastic surgery, curettage, scaling, flap operations, etc.).
A hygienist is a mid-level medical personnel (junior specialist, junior bachelor). He can perform standard professional hygiene, without cleaning periodontal pockets. He also does not have the right to diagnose and prescribe treatment.
A periodontist is a doctor with a higher education (Master's degree), specializing in periodontology. A periodontist has a deep understanding of anatomy, diseases and treatment protocols. Has the right to conduct diagnostics, prescribe and administer treatment, write prescriptions, perform surgical interventions (gum plastic surgery, curettage, scaling, flap operations, etc.).
A hygienist is a mid-level medical personnel (junior specialist, junior bachelor). He can perform standard professional hygiene, without cleaning periodontal pockets. He also does not have the right to diagnose and prescribe treatment.
The standard is cleaning once every 6 months. However, everything is very individual. More frequent cleaning may be needed in case of systemic diseases (for example, diabetes), during pregnancy, during treatment with braces.
In case of periodontitis, cleaning is prescribed once every 3-6 months and additional cleaning of gum pockets is performed.
If you notice the appearance of symptoms of the disease (bleeding, odor) earlier than after 6 months, you should see a doctor and find out the reason for this.
In case of periodontitis, cleaning is prescribed once every 3-6 months and additional cleaning of gum pockets is performed.
If you notice the appearance of symptoms of the disease (bleeding, odor) earlier than after 6 months, you should see a doctor and find out the reason for this.
Of course. Tooth loss is not some kind of natural age-related mechanism.
Loosening and loss of teeth occur due to gum disease - mainly periodontitis in the later stages. If you monitor the health of periodontal tissues and follow the doctor's recommendations, your teeth will last for life.
Loosening and loss of teeth occur due to gum disease - mainly periodontitis in the later stages. If you monitor the health of periodontal tissues and follow the doctor's recommendations, your teeth will last for life.